摘 要 目的:探索社区健康教育对高胆固醇血症患者的干预作用。方法:选取社区高胆固醇血症患者356例,进行各种形式的健康教育,分析干预前后患者的生活行为、血脂和血压的变化。结果:干预后患者的忌口意识、睡眠、有效运动、沟通意识、药物依从性、主动学习医学常识以及不抽烟喝酒等行为方式较干预前均有明显的改善(P<0.05)。干预后的总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、舒张压、收缩压较干预前有明显的降低(P值分别为0.028,0.031,0.000,0.005,0.002)。干预后高胆固醇血症患者的HDL-C的平均值明显升高(P=0.015)。结论:社区健康教育有效地改善了高胆固醇血症患者的健康意识和身体状况。 关键词 社区健康教育 高胆固醇血症 干预 中图分类号:R589.2; R197.1 文献标识码:C 文章编号:1006-1533(2015)01-0036-03 Intervention of community health education in patients with hypercholesterolemia XU Tai (Beixinjing Community Health Service of Changning District, Shanghai 200335, China) ABSTRACT Objective: To explore the intervention of community health education in patients with hypercholesterolemia. Methods: Three hundred and fifty-six patients with hypercholesterolemia in the community were selected and educated by health knowledge such as drug effect, traditional Chinese medicine, diet, exercise and psychological adjustment. Changes of life behavior, blood fat and blood pressure were compared before and after intervention. Results: After the intervention, life behavior such as diet, sleep, exercise, effective communication, medication compliance, active learning of medical knowledge and neither drinking nor smoking were significantly improved (P<0.05), and the levels of total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), diastolic and systolic blood pressures were significantly lower after intervention than before (P = 0.028, 0.031, 0.000, 0.005, 0.002, respectively). The average level of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) in the patients with hypercholesterolemia was significantly increased after intervention. Conclusion: The health consciousness and physical condition of patients with hypercholesterolemia can be effectively improved by community health education. KEY WORDS community health education; hypercholesterolemia; intervention 高胆固醇血症是人体血脂代谢异常的一种疾病,主要指血清中的总胆固醇或甘油三酯的含量升高。高胆固醇血症的发生与多种因素有关,包括遗传因素、饮食方式、睡眠质量等。近年来,随着人们生活方式的改变,血脂异常已成为威胁人类健康的疾病之一,其能引发冠心病、动脉粥样硬化等[1] 。目前,人们对血脂异常尤其是高胆固醇血症的基本常识缺乏了解,高胆固醇血症患者缺乏基本的健康护理能力,从而增加了高胆固醇血症并发症的发生率。血脂异常的基本常识普及已成为当今趋势[2]。本研究通过社区健康教育的形式对高胆固醇血症患者实施一定程度的干预,探讨其临床疗效,现报道如下。 资料与方法 一般资料 选择上海市长宁区新泾六村小区356例高胆固醇血症患者,其中男性232例,女性124例,平均年龄(63.9±10.4)岁,平均病程(17.3±10.6)年。所有患者均符合1997年由中华医学会制定的高血脂诊断标准。部分年龄>60岁的患者,以生活能够自理,自我锻炼,正常语言沟通等作为入选标准。所有患者能够自主学习,具有小学以上文化水平。双方签订知情同意书。 干预方式 健康教育 |